FAA regulations for simulator training credit for piston aircraft pilots

Leveraging Simulators: Navigating FAA Regulations for Piston Aircraft Pilots

In the dynamic world of aviation, the ability to train and maintain proficiency efficiently is paramount. For single-engine and twin-piston aircraft pilots, flight simulators and advanced training devices offer an invaluable tool, but understanding the intricate landscape of FAA regulations for simulator training credit can be a challenge. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has specific guidelines outlining how and when simulator time can be logged and credited toward various certificates, ratings, and recency requirements.¹ By carefully navigating these rules, pilots can enhance their skills, maintain currency, and potentially reduce the overall cost and time associated with traditional flight training.

THE EVOLUTION OF SIMULATION IN PILOT TRAINING

Historically, pilot training was almost exclusively conducted in actual aircraft. While invaluable for developing real-world stick-and-rudder skills, in-aircraft training can be constrained by weather, aircraft availability, and cost.² The FAA, recognizing the advancements in simulation technology, has progressively integrated these devices into pilot certification and currency requirements.³ This integration isn’t just about convenience; it’s about safety. Simulators allow pilots to practice emergency procedures, navigate challenging weather scenarios, and hone decision-making skills in a controlled, repeatable environment without putting themselves or an aircraft at risk.⁴ This structured, repetitive practice in a safe setting leads to a deeper understanding and more consistent application of learned procedures, a principle of consistency that is vital in aviation.⁵

UNDERSTANDING FAA-APPROVED TRAINING DEVICES

Not all “simulators” are created equal in the eyes of the FAA. The regulations distinguish between different types of devices, each with varying levels of fidelity and credit allowances.⁶ The primary categories relevant to piston aircraft pilots are:

• Aviation Training Devices (ATDs): These are further divided into Basic Aviation Training Devices (BATDs) and Advanced Aviation Training Devices (AATDs).⁷
  • BATDs: Generally suitable for basic flight training, instrument experience, and some currency requirements.⁸ They offer a realistic representation of aircraft instruments, equipment, and controls, ideal for initial skill development.⁹
  • AATDs: Provide a higher level of fidelity than BATDs, often incorporating more realistic aerodynamics and system modeling, and are approved for a broader range of training, including some commercial pilot and ATP hour requirements.¹⁰
• Flight Training Devices (FTDs): These are more complex and sophisticated than ATDs, often replicating specific aircraft cockpits with a high degree of accuracy.¹¹ FTDs are categorized by levels, with higher levels offering greater realism and a wider range of approved uses.¹²
• Full Flight Simulators (FFSs): These are the most advanced training devices, providing a full motion platform and comprehensive replication of an aircraft’s flight deck. While typically associated with larger, multi-engine aircraft, understanding their capabilities helps illustrate the spectrum of simulation.

The FAA’s Advisory Circular (AC) 61-136B provides detailed guidance on the approval and use of ATDs for pilot training and experience under 14 CFR Part 61 and Part 141.¹ This AC outlines the functional and performance criteria that ATDs must meet to receive FAA approval and be eligible for specific training credits.

CREDITING SIMULATOR TIME FOR CERTIFICATES AND RATINGS

The amount of simulator time that can be credited varies depending on the certificate or rating sought:

• Private Pilot Certificate: While the majority of aeronautical experience for a private pilot certificate must be in an actual aircraft, a limited amount of time (typically up to 2.5 hours) in an FAA-approved BATD can be credited towards the total flight time requirements for an introduction to flight instruments.
• Instrument Rating: This is where simulators truly shine. Pilots can log a significant portion of their instrument training time in a simulator or FTD. For an instrument rating, up to 10 hours in a BATD or up to 20 hours in an AATD or FTD can be credited towards the total instrument flight time requirements. This flexibility allows pilots to repeatedly practice complex instrument procedures in a cost-effective manner.
• Commercial Pilot Certificate: For a commercial pilot certificate, the credit for simulator time expands further. Depending on the type of device and the approved training program (e.g., Part 141), a substantial number of hours can be logged, with up to 50 hours in an AATD being a common allowance.
• Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate: For ATP applicants, especially those seeking a multiengine class rating, simulators play a critical role. Under 14 CFR § 61.159, up to 25 hours of training in a full flight simulator representing the class of airplane sought may be credited toward the flight time requirement, provided the training was accomplished as part of an approved training course. For instrument flight time, up to 50 hours in a flight simulator or flight training device can be credited if part of a Part 142 training center course.² This demonstrates the FAA’s confidence in the effectiveness of advanced simulation for high-level pilot training.

It’s important to remember that for credit to be valid, the simulator must be FAA-approved for the specific training purpose, and the training must be conducted under the supervision of an authorized instructor.

MAINTAINING RECENCY AND PROFICIENCY

Beyond initial certification, simulators are invaluable for maintaining pilot recency and proficiency.¹³

• Instrument Recency: 14 CFR § 61.57(c) allows pilots to maintain instrument currency using a flight simulator or flight training device.¹⁴ Within the preceding 6 calendar months, a pilot must have performed and logged at least six instrument approaches, holding procedures, and intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems.¹⁵ A significant portion of this can be accomplished in an approved simulator.³
• Flight Review: While not a complete substitute for a flight review in an aircraft, certain elements of a flight review can be accomplished in an approved flight simulator or flight training device, provided it is used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a Part 142 training center.¹⁶
• Night Currency: For passenger-carrying night operations, 14 CFR § 61.57(b) permits the required three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop to be accomplished in a full flight simulator approved for takeoffs and landings, provided the visual system is adjusted to represent night conditions, and the training is part of an approved Part 142 course.⁴

The consistency offered by simulators allows pilots to repeatedly practice these critical maneuvers, building muscle memory and confidence.¹⁷ This is a testament to the effectiveness of simulated environments in reinforcing learned behaviors, providing social proof through the consistent success of pilots who utilize them.

THE AERO CENTER ADVANTAGE: KEEPING YOU IN THE AIR

Understanding and leveraging FAA regulations for simulator training is crucial for every piston aircraft pilot. However, the operational side of keeping your aircraft ready for flight is equally important. That’s where The Aero Center comes in. We understand that maximizing your flight time and minimizing downtime is essential.

The Aero Center provides comprehensive maintenance services for single-engine and twin-piston aircraft, serving California, Arizona, and Nevada. Our highly experienced technicians are proficient in a wide range of services, from routine inspections to complex engine overhauls. We recognize the significant investment you’ve made in your aircraft and your training, and we are committed to ensuring its airworthiness and your safety.

What truly sets The Aero Center apart is our commitment to unparalleled service. We are the only 24/7 maintenance center in the area. This means that when unexpected issues arise, or when your schedule demands flexibility, we are there, day or night, to get you back in the air quickly and safely. This level of dedication significantly reduces airplane downtime, allowing you to maximize the utility of your piston aircraft. When it comes to the complex interplay of regulation, proficiency, and maintenance, trust the authority that prioritizes your flight time.

FOOTNOTES

1 FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 61-136B, “FAA Approval of Aviation Training Devices and Their Use for Training and Experience.”

2 14 CFR § 61.159, “Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.”

3 14 CFR § 61.57(c), “Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.”

4 14 CFR § 61.57(b), “Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.”

The Aero Center is located at William J. Fox Airfield KWJF | Lancaster, CA. Contact us at 209.885.6950 for questions or appointments.